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Pavel Stepanek
Pavel Štěpánek (born 1931) is a retired Czech celebrity psychic. He became, during the 1960s, the most tested individual participant in parapsychology experiments, both in terms of number of trials, and number of independent investigators. In 1968, results of these experiments were published in the journal ''Nature'', with Joseph Gaither Pratt as principal author.〔Pratt, J. G., Stevenson, I., Roll, W. G., Meinsma, G. L., Keil, H. H. J., & Jacobson, N. (1968). Identification of concealed randomized objects through acquired response habits of stimulus and word association. ''Nature'', ''220'', 89-91.〕
Critics have pointed out numerous experimental flaws in the tests that would have resulted in Stepanek being able to guess correctly with no need for extrasensory perception, and have noted that when these problems were eliminated, Pavel failed the tests.〔C. E. M. Hansel, ''ESP: Deficiencies of Experimental Method'', Nature 221, 1171-1172 (22 March 1969) 〕
==Biography==
Stepanek was born in Prague in 1931. After completing secondary school, he was employed as a foreign language correspondent for an export firm, and later as an information clerk for the Prague Central Library. He held this position throughout the duration of his participation in the experiments. These commenced when, in June 1961, Stepanek responded to a public notice by Milan Ryzl seeking participants. He had no personal or family history of ESP experiences.〔() (1970, November). An outstanding ESP subject. ''Parapsychology Bulletin'', no. 71, 1-2.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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